Jejunoileal Atresia
Types, diagnosis, and surgical management — and how it relates to short bowel syndrome
Jejunoileal atresia is a congenital birth defect with a complete blockage (atresia) or severe narrowing (stenosis) in the jejunum or ileum of the small intestine.
These obstructions result from an intra-uterine vascular accident — a sudden disruption of blood flow in the fetal mesentery that causes a segment of bowel to wither and close off. It affects males and females equally and, unlike duodenal atresia, is usually isolated with fewer associated genetic anomalies.
A continuous web-like membrane blocks the lumen. Outer muscular wall stays intact; overall small-bowel length is normal.
Blind closed pouch connected to the next healthy segment by a solid fibrous cord. Mesentery remains intact; bowel length develops normally.
Blind ends fully separated with a V-shaped mesenteric gap. Lost bowel is reabsorbed, significantly shortening overall length. Type IIIb (“apple-peel” or “Christmas tree”) wraps remaining bowel around a single fragile artery and carries a high risk of Short Bowel Syndrome.
Multiple successive blocked sections interspersed with healthy tissue. Dramatically reduces functional intestinal length.
Polyhydramnios — excess amniotic fluid on ultrasound, because the blocked fetal gut cannot swallow and process fluid normally.
Often first postnatal step. Shows dilated air-filled small-bowel loops with no air in the lower colon.
Contrast enema maps rectum and colon, often revealing a tiny unused colon (microcolon) and the level of obstruction.
Used when high jejunal or duodenal obstruction is suspected.
Assesses real-time intestinal movement and mesenteric blood flow. Heart or kidney imaging may be added if other anomalies are suspected.
Definitive correction requires emergency surgery under general anesthesia. Technique depends on atresia type.
Type III (especially apple-peel) and Type IV atresias can leave critically short residual bowel. These infants may need intestinal rehabilitation, parenteral nutrition, and long-term specialized care.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your medical team for diagnosis and treatment decisions.